Tourism in the Arctic and Antarctic is reaching unprecedented levels, raising concerns about its impact on fragile ecosystems. While these remote destinations offer breathtaking landscapes and unique wildlife encounters, the growing number of visitors poses serious environmental risks.
According to the Arctic Council, the number of ships entering the Arctic Polar Code area increased by 37% from 2013 to 2024.
Greenland alone saw a 46% increase in tourism between 2018 and 2023, with over 131,000 visitors in 2023, largely due to expanding cruise routes.
The Government of Greenland projects continued growth as Nuuk’s airport expands in 2024, followed by two more international airports by 2026.
On the opposite end of the globe, Antarctica is seeing a similar trend. The International Association of Antarctica Tour Operators (IAATO) reported that 124,262 people visited Antarctica in 2023, up from 104,897 the previous year.
More than 80,000 tourists set foot on the continent, raising concerns among conservationists.
The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) warns that increasing human activity can disrupt local wildlife, alter animal behavior, and introduce invasive species.
As organizations like the Arctic Council, IAATO, and the Association of Arctic Expedition Cruise Operators (AECO) stress the need for sustainable travel, here’s how visitors can minimize their environmental footprint:
Cruise ships may seem like a sustainable option, but their carbon emissions and noise pollution threaten marine life. The International Maritime Organization (IMO) highlights that global shipping accounts for 3% of CO2 emissions, with cruise ships contributing significantly. Noise pollution disrupts whale echolocation, as shown in research from the UK’s Durham University.
Alternatives include:
The IUCN warns that human presence can stress wildlife. Tourists should:
Instead of relying on imported goods, visitors should choose local products. According to the Government of Greenland, seal meat has a lower carbon footprint than imported meat. Inuit communities legally hunt under strict quotas, making it an eco-friendly food choice.
The National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC) recommends travelers:
Timing travel with natural phenomena reduces unnecessary impact. For example, according to the Canadian Tourism Commission, the best time to see icebergs in Newfoundland is May to June, aligning with natural patterns.
As polar tourism continues to grow, travelers must take responsibility for preserving these pristine environments.
Following sustainable travel guidelines, choosing ethical transport, and respecting local ecosystems can help protect these fragile regions for future generations.
